Holy, Hebrew.
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Muslim and
Islam.
The sacred text of Islam, considered by Moslems to contain the revelations of God to Mohammed. Also called Alcoran. [Arabic qur’³n, reading, recitation, Koran, from qara’a, to read, recite.] All items relating to the Koran and Islam are filed primarily under 'Koran' below. See also
Islam and
Muslim.
"The Encyclopedia of Islam, states the following on abrogation: 'Rather than attempting to explain away the inconsistencies in passages giving regulations for the Muslim community, Kuran scholars and jurists came to acknowledge the differences, while arguing that the latest verse on any subject 'abrogated' all earlier verses that contradicted it. A classic example involves the Kuranic teaching or regulation on drinking wine, where [Surah 5:90], which has a strong statement against the practice, came to be interpreted as a prohibition, abrogating [Surah 2:219] and [Surah 4:43] which appear to allow it.'" Kripalani, Raj, "The Doctrine of Jesus and Jihad Behind the Veil of Islam,"
Ref-0055 vol. 6 no. 17, March 2002, p. 37.
"A somewhat unusual feature of the Qur'an is that its suras are not placed in any chronological or logical order."
Ref-0161, p. 92.
"many Islamic scholars consider that [Surah 2:256] has been abrogated by the passage found in [Surah 9:5]. The verse in chapter 2 was spoke about 7-8 years earlier than the one spoken in chapter 9." Kripalani, Raj, "The Doctrine of Jesus and Jihad Behind the Veil of Islam,"
Ref-0055 vol. 6 no. 17, March 2002, p. 37. "The Qur'anic shcolar, Arthur Jeffery explains. . . 'The Qur'an is unique among sacred scriptures in teaching a doctrine of abrogation according to which later pronouncements of the Prophet abrogate, i.e., declare null and void, his earlier pronouncements.'"
Ref-0161, p. 96.
"Sir Norman Anderson explains the Qur'anic motivation for this denial:. . .If Messiah 'Isa had been allowed to die in this cruel and shameful way, then God himself must have failed--which was an impossible thought.'"
Ref-0161, p. 67.
"According to Islamic tradition different fragments of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammed verbatim by the angel Gabriel over a period of twenty-three years. After each such occasion the prophet woudl recite the words of revelation to those present (thus the word 'Qur'an,' which means reading or reciting)."
Ref-0161, p. 90
"Kateregga writes. . .'Islam teaches that the first phase of life on earth did not begin in sin and rebellion against Allah. Although Adam disobeyed Allah, he repented and was forgiven and even given guidance for mankind. Man is not born a sinner and the doctrine of the sinfulness of man has no basis in Islam.'. . . Faruqi, notes that 'in the Islamic view, human beings are no more 'fallen' than they are 'saved.' Because they are not 'fallen,' they have no need of a savior. But because they are not 'saved' either, they need to do good works--and do them ethically--which alone will earn them the desired 'salvation.''"
Ref-0161, pp. 42-43.
"no Muslim should be killed for killing an infidel"Jahaifa, Abu, Hadith, Vol. 4, Book 52, No. 283, cited by Kripalani, Raj, "The Doctrine of Jesus and Jihad Behind the Veil of Islam,"
Ref-0055 vol. 6 no. 17, March 2002, p. 31. "Allah's apostle was asked, 'What is the best deed?' He replied, 'To believe in Allah and his Apostle.' The questioner then asked, 'What is the next (in goodness)?' He replied, 'To participate in Jihad in Allah's cause'" Al Bukhari, Hadith, vol. 1, no. 25, cited by
Ref-0160, p. 184.
Jerusalem, mentioned over 800 times in the Bible, is never once explicitly mentioned in the Koran. "It has never been the capital for any Moslem or Arab nation, ever, even though they controlled the city of Jerusalem for 12 centuries."
Ref-0160, p. 237.
". . .the Islamic Koran was compiled by an individual, Zaid ibn Thabit, under the guidance of Mohammed's father-in-law, Abu-Bekr. Additionally, in A.D. 650 a group of Arab scholars produced a unified version and destroyed all variant copies to preserve the unity of the Koran."
Ref-0024, p. 155.
"According to Al-Ghazzali, one of Islam's greatest spiritual teachers, 'The believer in Paradise will marry 500 houris (companions), 4,000 virgins, and 8,000 divorced women.'"
Ref-0160, p. 189.
"Muhammad received a revelation from God that a man should have no more than four wives at one time, yet he had many more. A Muslim defender of Muhammad, writing in The Prophet of Islam as the Ideal Husband, admitted that he had fifteen wives!"
Ref-0161, p. 171.
"Koranic commentators explain that 'thy qiblah' [direction of prayer for Moslems] is clearly the Ka'bah of Mecca, while 'their qiblah' [direction of prayer for Jews] refers to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem." Palazzi, Abdul Hadi, cited by
Ref-0160, p. 95.
"This overpowering picture of God in the Qur'an has created its own tension in Islamic theology regarding God's absolute sovereignty and man's free will. 'Orthodox Islam teaches the absolute predestination of both good and evil, that all our thoughts, words and deeds, whether good or evil, were foreseen, foreordained, determined and decreed from all eternity, and that everything that happens takes place according to what has been written for it. There was a great discussion among the early Muslim theologians as to free will and predestination, but the free-will parties (al-qadariyya) were ultimately defeated.'"
Ref-0161, p. 28.
"Remember Moses said to his people: 'O my People! Call in remembrance the favour Of Allah unto you, when He Produced prophets among you, Made you kings, [722] and gave You what He had not given To any other among the peoples. O my people! enter The holy land which Allah hath assigned unto you, And turn not back Ignominously, for then Will ye be overthrown, To your own ruin.'" Footnote 722 - "From the slavery of Egypt the Children of Israel were made free and independent, and thus each man became as it were a king, if only he had obeyed Allah and followed the lead of Moses."
Ref-0136, Surah 5:20-21, p. 253. "That generation was not to see the Holy Land. All those that were twenty years old and upward were to die in the wilderness: 'your carcasses shall fall in this wilderness.' (Num. [[14:29|bible.4.14.29]]). Only those who were then children would reach the promised land. And so it happened. . . Forty years afterwards they crossed the Jordon opposite what is now Jericho. . ."
Ref-0136, note 729 on Surah 5:26, p. 255.
"Faruqi insists that 'grat as it may be in the eyes of Islam for any person to make the decision to enter the faith, the entry constitutes no guarantee of personal justification in the eyes of God. . .there is nothing the new initiate can do which would assure him or her of salvation.'"
Ref-0161, p. 126.
"There is a good deal of Islamic controversy regarding the identity of Satan. Some Qur'anic evidence seems to point to Satan as an angelic being. However, we are also told in the Qur'an that angels cannot disobey God and yet Satan obviously did. Therefore, many Muslim theologians have held the opinion that Satan belonged to the species of jinn."
Ref-0161, p. 37.
"The earliest biographers of the prophet mention an interesting incident that occurred during this mid-Meccan period. It is related that in one of his sermons in front of the leaders of the Meccan antagonists, Muhammad, in order to win the support of his opponents, proclaimed that the favorite deities al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat could be considered divine beings whose intercession was effectual with God. But soon the prophet believed these words to be interpolations of Satan and substituted the words that we now have in [Surah 53:19-23] (see also [Surah 22:51]). These have become known as the 'Satanic verses.'"
Ref-0161, p. 72. One source lists the original verses as: "Did you consider al-hat and al-Uzza And al-Manat, the third, the other? Those are the swans exalted; Their intercession is expected; Their likes are not neglected." cited in
Ref-0161, p. 193. "What the Qur'an calls 'the satanic verses' (Surah 22:53-54) allowed the Meccans temporarily to keep their three idols Allat, Al-Uzza, and Manat (cf. Surah 53) as mediators to Allah, the supreme God. Then Mhumannad is said to have realized that these verses, which were recited for a time, were from Satan. So he revised Surah 22 to exclude the three goddesses by speaking against any mediation to Allah. By encouraging people to pray to Allah directly, he was able to do away with what remained of the 360 gods." Imad N. Shehadeh, "Do Muslims and Christians Believe in the Same God?",
Ref-0200, vol. 161 no. 641, January-March 2004 (pp. 14-26), p. 23.
"After being taken to escape crucifixion, Jesus will appear at the end of time as a sign that it is the Last hour. He will descend by resting his hands on the wings of two angels. He will descend onto a white minaret set in the eastern part of Damascus. He will invite the whole world to become Muslim including Christians and Jews, He will kill the anti-Christ, He will break the cross, kill all the swine, end all wars, and will become a judge. He will marry, have children, perform the pilgrimage to Mecca, die after 40 years and be buried beside Muhammed in Medina. His time on earth will mark a period of abundance on the earth and all religions will end except Islam."
Ref-0055, vol. 6 no. 17, March 2002 citing Sahih Muslim regarding Hadith No. 7000. [answering-islam.org/Mna/frag1.1.html] See also
Ref-0160, p. 310. See also
Ref-0161, pp. 65, 114.
"It is due to this uncompromising emphasis on God's absolute unity that in Islam the greatest of all sins is the sin of shirk, or assigning partners to God."
Ref-0161, p. 18. "People who have believed there are other deities were called mushrikeen, 'sharers with God.' This term is applied to Christians who are said to make Christ a second God, and the Spirit a third." Imad N. Shehadeh, "Do Muslims and Christians Believe in the Same God?",
Ref-0200, vol. 161 no. 641, January-March 2004 (pp. 14-26), p. 21.
a) Khalifa: "We have bestowed upon you (O Messenger) a great victory. Whereby God forgives your past sins, as well as future sins, and perfects His blessings upon you, and guides you in a straight path." b) The Noble Qur'an: "Verily, We have given you (O Muhammad SAW) a manifest victory. That Allah may forgive you your sins of the past and the future, and complete His Favour on you, and guide you on the Straight Path."
Muslims confuse the Trinity as being made up of God the Father, Jesus the Son, and Mary the Mother.
See
Koran - deity of Jesus denied
"It is questionable whether Muhammed was actually illiterate. As one authority notes, the Arabic words al umni, translated 'the unlettered' prophet in the Qur'an (Surah 7:157), 'may be [rendered] heathen rather than illiterate.' Pfander agrees, affirming that the Arabic phrase does not mean 'the Unlettered Prophet' but 'the Gentile Prophet'. . .and does not imply illiteracy. Indeed, this is how the term is rendered in Surah 62:2, as do several other suras (Surah 2:72; 3:19,69; 7:156)."
Ref-0161, p. 190.