✪ "Josephus states that the Tabernacle was brought into the First Temple [Ref-0026, pp. 8. 101, 106], and that the effect of the spread-winged cherubim was to make it appear as a tent (8. 103)." Ref-0142, p. 193. "The Hebrew word for ‘tabernacle’ is Hamishkhan, having the same root as Shechinah. Thus, the word ‘tabernacle’ can also be translated as ‘the dwelling place of the Shechinah." Ref-0219, p. 610. "After the conquest of Canaan, the tabernacle was set up at Shiloh (Jos. 18:1) and remained there until about 1050 B.C.. Excavations at Shiloh indicate that the city was destroyed about 1050 B.C., probably by the Philistines (see 1S. 4; Jer. 7:12). By the time of Solomon (ca. 1010 B.C.), the tabernacle and altar were situated on the high place at Gibeon (1Chr. 21:29_), possibly at the prominent hill known today as “Nebi [the prophet] Samuel.” When Solomon’s Temple was completed (ca. 960 B.C.), the articles of the tabernacle were taken to the Temple (1K. 8:4) and the earthly tabernacle then disappeared from history." Ref-1383, pp. 33-34.
✪ In Acts 15:16, James refers to the tabernacle of David being yet future.
✪ "The first problem is to identify what the “more perfect tabernacle” means. There are at least six views as to its meaning. The most satisfactory view is to see the tabernacle as heaven itself, the very dwelling place of God." Jerry M. Hullinger, "Two Atonement Realms: Reconciling Sacrifice in Ezekiel and Hebrews", Ref-0785, Volume 11 number 32, March 2007, 33:64, p. 51. "Additionally, the heavenly tabernacle could be regarded as defiled through Satan's presence (Zec. 3;1; Col. 1;20; 1Jn. 2:1; Rev. 12:10)." Jerry M. Hullinger, "Two Atonement Realms: Reconciling Sacrifice in Ezekiel and Hebrews", Ref-0785, Volume 11 number 32, March 2007, 33:64, p. 59.
✪ Questionable: Zec. 6:15 (?);
✪ "While some see [the Tent of Meeting] as a provisional structure that was replaced by the Tabernacle, others see it as one and the same, for both terms are used interchangeably after the Tabernacle's completion (Lev. 1:3; 12:6; 14:23; 15:14; Numbers 11:26; 12:4; Deuteronomony 31:14-15). It is preferable to see ‘the Tend of Meeting’ and ‘the Tabernacle’ as two parts of a single structure -- the outer ‘tent’ (Hebrew, ?ohel) and the innder ‘Tabernacle’ (Hebrew, mishkan). For this reason 2S. 7:6 notes that God moved about ‘in a tent, even in a tabernacle.’" Ref-0146, p. 62.
✪ The Fast of the Fourth, the 17th of Tammuz, commemorated the occasion when Moses discovered them worshiping the golden calf and broke the two tables of the law. The Fast of the Seventh, the 3rd of Tishri is the Fast of Gedaliah, commemorating the assassination of the governor appointed by Nebuchadnezzar to govern the Jews who remained in their homeland after the Temple had been destroyed in 586 B.C. The Fast of the Tenth, the 10th of Tevet, was for the day that Nebuchadnessar laid siege on Jerusalem.
✪ "The greatest Roman historian in the days of the Empire was Cornelius Tacitus, who was born between A.D. 52 and 54 and wrote the history of Rome under the emperors. . . he described the great fire which ravaged Rome in A.D. 64 and told how it was widely rumored that Nero had instigated the fire, in order to gain greater glory for himself by rebuilding the city. . . ‘Therefore to scotch the rumor, Nero substituted as culprits, and punished with the utmost refinements of cruelty, a class of men, loathed for their vices, whom the crowd styled Christians. Christus, from whom they got their name, had been executed by sentence of the procurator Pontius Pilate when Tiberius was emperor; and the pernicious superstition was checked for a short time, only to break out afresh, not only in Judeae, the home of the plague, but in Rome itself. . .’" cited in Ref-0122, p. 268.
✪ Entries which are bracketed by $ are simple category tags. For example: "$evolution$", "$cosmology$".
✪ See Tsitsith. Prayer mantle.
✪ "to learn," "to study". Collection of rabbinical laws, law decisions, and comments on the laws of Moses. Man-made additions to the Mosaic Law, product of the Pharisees. Made up of the Mishnah and Gemara. Spans 70 to 100 volumes. "When the Talmud is spoken of without any qualification the reference is to the Babylonian Talmud; the Palestinian Talmud is only about a fourth the volume of the Babylonian, which contains about two million five hundred thousand words." Ref-0006, p. 128. "Between A.D. 100 and 500, the Talmud (instruction, teaching) grew up as a body of Hebrew civil and canonical law based on the Torah. The Talmud basically represents the opinions and decisions of Jewish teachers from about 300 B.C. to A.D. 500, and it consists of two main divisions: the Mishnah and the Gemara." Ref-0075, p. 502. "This completed Mishnah itself became an object of study, and a body of commentary grew up around it in the rabbinical schools of both Palestine and of Babylonia. These commentaries or Gemaras formed a sort of supplement to the Mishnah, and Mishnah and Gemara together are usually known as the Talmud. The ‘Jerusalem Talmud’, consisting of the Mishnah together with the accumulated Gemara of the Palestinian schools, was completed about A.D. 300; the much larger Babylonian Talmud continued to grow for two centuries more, before it was reduced to writing about the year 500. " Ref-0239, p. 103.
✪ "As the Mishnah is a law-code, and the Talmuds commentaries on this code, there is little occasion in these writings for references to Christianity, and what references there are are hostile. But, such as they are, these references to at least show that there was not the slightest doubt of the historical character of Jesus. According to the earlier Rabbis whose opinions are recorded in these writings, Jesus of Nazareth was a transgressor in Israel, who practised magic, scorned the words of the wise, led the people astray, and said he had not come to destroy the law but to add to it. He was hanged on Passover Eve for heresy and misleading the people. His disciples of whom five are named, healed the sick in his name." Ref-0239, p. 103. ". . . those of us who hold firmly to the doctrine of plenary inspiration as taught by the Sacred Scriptures themselves cannot concede that the Biblical books or any parts of them stand on the low level of the Talmud or the Midrash, which contain much that is trivial, fantastical, absurd, and utterly worthless." Ref-1241, p. 134.
✪ Some rabbis took this passage as messianic, Talmud in Succah 52a: "One opinion is that they mourn for Messiah Ben Joseph who is killed, and another explanation is that they mourn for the slaying of the evil inclination. It is well according to him who explains that the cause is the slaying of the Messiah since that well agrees with this verse. If it referes to the slaying of the evil inclination, it must be asked, is this an occasion for mourning? Is it not rather an occasion for rejoicing? Why then should they weep?" Ref-0011, p. 72.
✪ The entire Jewish bible (Old Testament) consisting of the law Torah, the prophets Nebiim, and writings Ketubim. ". . . he notes that the narrative books in all three sections generally cover successive historical periods: The Law covers the period from creation to the death of Moses; The Prophets covers the period from the Conquest to the Exile; The Writings covers the period from the Exile to the Return." Ref-1272, p. 66.
✪ A tanner had to live 50 cubits outside the border of a city. Ref-0100, Tape 10:B.
✪ "The Jerusalem Targum also appeared at about 700, but has survived in fragments only. None of these Targums is important to the textual critic, but they are all rather significant to the study of hermeneutics [interpretation], as they indicate the manner in which Scripture was interpreted by rabbinical scholars." Ref-0075, p. 502.
✪ "the Aramaic word for ‘translation’" Ref-0152, p. 34. "The word that refers to a translation is targum. In the synagogues the Targums were always oral, while the honored Hebrew text was always read from a scroll. This was a strict rule, lest the paraphrase be confused with the authoritative text. Accordingly, over the centuries a number of Targums arose, and later they were committed to writing, at least by the beginning of the Christian era. By the fifth century two official Targums had emerged, Targum Onkelos of the Pentateuch and Targum Jonathan of the Prophets. Of the two, Targum Onkelos is considered the greater authority." "Probably the oldest interpretive form is the targum (translation, interpretation), which addressed both the linguistic and the interpretive problems at the same time. Written in Aramaic, a targum is a running paraphrase-commentary on the Hebrew text. Nehemiah 8 gives an example of the situations in which targums arose and of their use." Ref-1200, p. 128.
✪ ". . .both Paul and the writer to the Hebrews quote Deuteronomy 32:35 in the form ‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay’. . . This follows neither the familiar Hebrew wording (‘Vengeance is mine, and recompense’) nor the Septuagint (‘In the day of vengeance I will repay’), but it agrees exactly with the targumic version." Ref-0073, p. 285.
✪ "The statement ‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay’ (from Deu. 32:35), is quoted in Romans 12:19 and Hebrews 10:30 in a form corresponding neither to the Hebrew text nor to the Septuagint, but to the Aramaci Targums on the Pentateuch. That renderings or paraphrases known to us only from the Targums were found also in Greek versions of the Old Testament in the first century A.D. is suggested also by such expressions as ‘lest they should. . .be forgiven’ (Mark 4:12) in a quotation from Isaiah 6:10 where the Hebrew and Septuagint read ‘lest they. . .be healed’; and ‘he gave gifts to men’ (Eph. 4:8) in a quotation from Psalm 68:18 (LXX 67:19) where the Hebrew and Septuagint read ?. . .received gifts among men’. (In Deu. 32:35; Isa. 6:10 and Ps. 68:18 the Peshitta (the Syriac version of the Old Testament) agrees with the targumic construction.)" Ref-0073, pp. 53-54
✪ Tartessus (S. Spain)? Cyprus? An island (only by sea - Jonah)? Solomon's smelting fleet, source of silver, iron, tin, lead (from whom Phoenicians obtained tin). Britannia ("land of tin")? Archeological evidence indicates trade between SW England and Mediterranean as early as 1500 BC. "Three such places are known in history. One was located on the east coast of Africa, but the exact location is unknown. . . . The second place was in Spain, founded by the city of Tyre. . . . The third location was in England" Ref-0219, p. 112. "In Cornwall there may be some traces of Phœnician commerce; but we know whence these Eastern strangers came and the object of their coming, viz., to procure tin from the mines." Ref-1367, loc. 1065.
✪ ". . .the Mediterranean itself was once known as the ‘Sea of Tarshish’." Ref-0003, 13(2) 1999, 65.
✪ "Dark abode of woe"; "the pit of darkness in the unseen world." ". . .as far beneath hades as the earth is below heaven. . ." -- Homer, Iliad, viii 16. "it is connected with fallen angels in connection with Noah. Whereas the Abyss is in connection with fallen angels in general, Tartarus is connected with fallen agnels somehow related to the time of Noah. . . . Tartarus is that portion of Sheol or Hades which is a permanent place of confinement for those fallen angels who sinned in Genesis six. While the Abyss is a temporary place of confinement for fallen angels, a place where fallen angels or demons come and go for periods of time, Tartarus is different; it is a permanent place of confinement." Ref-0219, p. 750.
✪ "The reason the commandment could not be fully kept was that the tchelet dye industry that thrived along Israel's northern Mediterranean shores was destroyed by invading Moslems around the 7th century AD. The precious [blue] dye was produced from a sea snail known as the Murex Trunculus and made two unique colors, purple and blue." Ref-0082, April 2001, 21. "We need to distinguish between two types of Tallit that are worn by Jewish men: 1.) The Tallit Gadol is a prayer shawl, which is wrapped around the shoulders. This is supposed to be worn by all Jewish men participating in certain religious activities, such as a Torah service in a synagogue. 2.) The Tallit Katan is a light vest that is worn under the outer garment. This vest is worn almost exclusively by Orthodox Jewish men, those who are committed to Mosaic Law observance. The Tallit Katan is worn at all times during waking hours, not just during religious ceremonies. What both garments have in common is that they have the Tzitzit tied on each of their four corners, which is the focus of the Biblical command. . . . the tassels on the four corners are not random, but rather are several inches long, and according to rabbinic tradition, they are tied in a certain specific pattern. The instructions for the intricate pattern results in a total of 613 loops and knots when all four tassels are added up, the same number of commandments, 613, in the Mosaic Law." -- Mottel Baleson, Ariel Magazine, Summer 2016, p. 26. "As a Jewish man born under the law (Gal. 4:4), Messiah Yeshua lived during the dispensation of Mosaic Law, and He voluntarily subjected Himself to all the provisions of that law. He would have worn the Tallit Katan at all times, with the likelihood that His was of a long robe length, with the Tzitzit tassels below the knee. We see this illustrated in the passage where Yeshua was passing through a crowd and a woman reached out to touch the fringe of His garment: Suddenly, a woman who had a flow of blood for twelve years came from behind and touched the fringe of His garment. For she said to herself, “If only I may touch His garment, I shall be made well.” (Mt. 9:20) Some translations use the word hem, but a better rendering is fringe, as in the Tzitzit fringe on the four corners of the Tallit that Yeshua was wearing. The woman believed in the Jewish tradition of that day: that if one touched the Tzitzit of a truly holy man, he would be healed." -- Mottel Baleson, Ariel Magazine, Summer 2016, p. 29.
✪ Questionable: Isa. 7:15 (?);