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Note Topic number ranges are as follows. Topics 1-4999 are reserved for use by existing study aids such as the NKJV Thompson Chain Reference Bible (copyright 1997) or Nave's Bible Guide. Topics 5000-9999 are topics in the CrossLinks Topical Index. Topics above 10000 include extra-Biblical commentary. Verses marked by a question mark (e.g. John 3:16 (?)) indicate passages which we feel are related to the given topic, but for which the relationship may not be universally accepted by others. Emboldened verses (e.g. John 3:16) indicate passages which are particularly important for an understanding of the topic.


[5001.0] antichrist - the man : Dan. 7:8; Dan. 7:11; Dan. 7:20-26; Dan. 8:23-25; Dan. 9:26-27; Dan. 11:36-45 (?); John 5:43; 2Th. 2:3-9; 1Jn. 2:18; Rev. 11:7; Rev. 13:1-8; Rev. 13:12-18; Rev. 14:9-11; Rev. 15:2; Rev. 16:2; Rev. 16:10; Rev. 16:13; Rev. 17:8-13; Rev. 19:19-20; Rev. 20:4; Rev. 20:10

Note Questionable: Dan. 11:36-45 (?);


[5001.1] antichrist - aided by False Prophet : Rev. 13:11-17; Rev. 16:13; Rev. 19:20; Rev. 20:10
[5001.2] antichrist - ascends from the bottomless pit : Rev. 11:7; Rev. 17:8
[5001.3] antichrist - changes law : Dan. 7:25; Dan. 8:11 (?); Dan. 9:27; Isa. 24:5

Note "And the king [Antiochus Epiphanes] sent letters by messengers unto Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, that they should follow the foreign customs of the land, and keep burnt offerings, and sacrifices, and drink offerings out of the sanctuary; and that they should profane sabbaths and festival days; and pollute sanctuary and priests; build altars, and groves, and idol temples, and sacrifice swine's flesh and unclean animals... to the end they might forget the law, and change all ordinances. And whosoever would not do according to the commandment of the king, he should die." 1 Maccabees 1:41-50 Questionable: Dan. 8:11 (?);


[5001.4] antichrist - Danite? : Gen. 49:17; Dan. 11:37; Rev. 7:5

Note "When therefore the end of the world comes, that abominable, lying and murderous one is born from the tribe of Dan. He is conceived from the seed of a man and from a most vile virgin, mixed with an evil or worthless spirit." Ephraim the Syrian, A.D. 373 Ref-31, p. 112.


[5001.5] antichrist - destroyed : Dan. 7:11; Dan. 7:26; Dan. 8:25; Dan. 9:27; Dan. 11:45; 2Th. 2:3; 2Th. 2:8; Rev. 17:8; Rev. 17:11; Rev. 19:19-20; Rev. 20:10; Rev. 20:15
[5001.6] antichrist - duration of power : Dan. 7:25; Rev. 13:5
[5001.7] antichrist - Edom and Moab escape : Dan. 11:41
[5001.8] antichrist - empowered by Satan : 2Th. 2:9; Rev. 13:2; Rev. 16:13-14
[5001.9] antichrist - image of : Rev. 13:14-15; Rev. 14:9; Rev. 14:11; Rev. 15:2; Rev. 16:2; Rev. 19:20; Rev. 20:4
[5001.10] antichrist - intelligence of : Dan. 7:8; Dan. 7:20
[5001.11] antichrist - lying signs and wonders : 2Th. 2:9-11; Rev. 13:14; Rev. 16:14; Rev. 19:20
[5001.12] antichrist - mark and number : Rev. 13:16-18; Rev. 14:9-11; Rev. 15:2; Rev. 16:2; Rev. 19:20; Rev. 20:4
[5001.13] antichrist - men who are : 1Jn. 2:18; 1Jn. 2:22; 2Jn. 1:7
[5001.14] antichrist - overthrows kingdoms : Dan. 7:8; Dan. 7:20; Dan. 7:24; Dan. 11:40-44; Rev. 13:7; Rev. 17:13
[5001.15] antichrist - prevails over the saints : Dan. 7:21; Dan. 7:25; Dan. 8:24; Rev. 13:7
[5001.16] antichrist - received in place of Christ : John 5:43
[5001.17] antichrist - seven heads : Rev. 12:3; Rev. 13:1; Rev. 13:3; Rev. 17:3; Rev. 17:7; Rev. 17:9-10
[5001.18] antichrist - speaks pompous words, blasphemes : Dan. 7:8; Dan. 7:11; Dan. 7:20; Dan. 7:25; Dan. 11:36; Rev. 13:1; Rev. 13:5-6; Rev. 16:11
[5001.19] antichrist - ten horns : Dan. 7:7; Dan. 7:20; Dan. 7:24; Rev. 12:3; Rev. 13:1; Rev. 17:3; Rev. 17:7; Rev. 17:12; Rev. 17:16
[5001.20] antichrist - titles of : Dan. 7:7; Dan. 7:8; Dan. 7:11; Dan. 7:20-21; Dan. 9:26; Dan. 11:36; 2Th. 2:3; 2Th. 2:8; 1Jn. 2:18; Rev. 11:7; Rev. 13:1-4; Rev. 13:14-18; Rev. 14:9; Rev. 14:11; Rev. 15:2; Rev. 16:2; Rev. 16:10; Rev. 16:13; Rev. 17:7; Rev. 17:8; Rev. 17:11-13; Rev. 17:16-17; Rev. 19:19-20; Rev. 20:4; Rev. 20:10
[5001.21] antichrist - worshiped : Dan. 11:36-37; 2Th. 2:4; Rev. 13:4; Rev. 13:8; Rev. 13:12; Rev. 14:9; Rev. 16:2; Rev. 19:20; Rev. 20:4
[5001.22] antichrist - wounded and healed : Zec. 11:17 (?); Rev. 13:3; Rev. 13:14; Rev. 17:8; Rev. 17:11

Note "The popular Islamic picture of the Antichrist, or Dajjal, graphically portrays him as blind in one eye, with the word kafir--unbeliever--written on his forehead; his primary function is to mislead the unbelieving masses by claiming divinehood and the power to perform miracles." Ref-161, p. 113. Questionable: Zec. 11:17 (?);


[5001.23] antichrist - wars against God : Rev. 16:13-14; Rev. 17:14; Rev. 19:19
[5002.1.1] covenant - Abrahamic unconditional : Gen. 17:7; Gen. 17:13; Gen. 17:19; Lev. 26:42-44; 1Chr. 16:16-17; Ps. 105:9-10; Gal. 3:15; Gal. 3:20

Note Paul contrasts the unconditional Abrahamic covenant with man-made covenants in Gal. 3:15 placing it in a different category. In Gal. 3:20 Paul appears to be emphasizing the contrast between a man-made covenant (which mediates between two parties) and the Abrahamic covenant which Abraham did not participate in. Unlike the giving of the Mosaic Law where Moses mediated between God and the Israelites, with the Abrahamic covenant God was both the promise-giver and the mediator.


[5002.1] covenant - Abrahamic : Gen. 12:1-3; Gen. 13:14-17; Gen. 15:1-21; Gen. 17:1-21; Gen. 22:15-18; Gen. 26:3-5; Gen. 28:13; Gen. 50:24; Ex. 2:24; Ex. 6:3-8; Ex. 32:13; Lev. 26:42-44; Deu. 1:8; Num. 32:11; Deu. 4:31; Deu. 29:13; Deu. 34:4; Jdg. 2:1; 2K. 13:23; 1Chr. 16:15-22; 2Chr. 20:7; Ne. 9:8; Ps. 105:8-15; Mic. 7:20; Mat. 22:32; Luke 1:55-56; Luke 1:72-73; Acts 3:25; Acts 26:6-7; Rom. 4:2-3; Rom. 4:9-22; Rom. 9:4; Rom. 9:7-13; Gal. 3:6-9; Gal. 3:14-19; Gal. 3:29; Gal. 4:28; Eph. 2:12; Heb. 6:13-18
[5002.2.0] covenant - Davidic : 2S. 7:8-17; 2S. 7:19; 2S. 23:5; 1K. 11:36; 1K. 15:4; 2K. 8:19; 1Chr. 17:9-16; 1Chr. 17:27; 1Chr. 22:10; 2Chr. 6:15-17; 2Chr. 7:18; 2Chr. 13:5; 2Chr. 21:7; Ps. 2:6-8 (?); Ps. 89:3-4; Ps. 89:19-51; Ps. 132:10-12; Isa. 9:7; Isa. 11:1; Isa. 37:35; Isa. 55:3; Jer. 22:30; Jer. 23:5-6; Jer. 30:9; Jer. 33:14-17; Jer. 33:19-26; Jer. 36:30; Eze. 37:24-25; Hos. 3:4-5; Amos 9:11-12; Luke 1:32-33; Luke 1:69-70; Acts 2:29-32; Acts 13:22-23; Acts 13:32-37; Acts 15:16-17; Rom. 9:4

Note Questionable: Ps. 2:6-8 (?);


[5002.2.1] covenant - Davidic - unconditional : 2S. 7:13; 2S. 7:16; 2S. 7:19; 2S. 23:5; 1Chr. 17:12; 1Chr. 22:10; Ps. 89:34; Isa. 55:3; Eze. 37:25
[5002.2.2] covenant - Davidic - occupation conditional : Ps. 132:12; Jer. 22:30; Jer. 36:30
[5002.3.0] covenant - Mosaic : Ex. 19:5-6; Ex. 20:1-26; Ex. 24:1-11; Ex. 34:10-35; Lev. 26:1-46; Deu. 4:13; Deu. 4:23; Deu. 5:1-33; Deu. 9:9-11; Deu. 29:1; Deu. 29:25; Jos. 23:6; 1K. 8:9; 2K. 17:35-38; 2Chr. 5:10; 2Chr. 6:11; 2Chr. 33:8; Isa. 24:5; Isa. 33:8; Isa. 56:4-6; Jer. 11:2-10; Jer. 14:21; Jer. 22:9; Jer. 31:32; Eze. 16:8; Eze. 16:59-61; Eze. 44:7; Hos. 6:7; Hos. 8:1; Mal. 2:10; Mal. 4:4; John 1:17; Acts 13:39; Rom. 3:19; Rom. 6:14; Rom. 7:7; Rom. 9:4; Rom. 10:4; 2Cor. 3:7-15; Gal. 3:2-29; Gal. 4:1-31; Gal. 5:18; Col. 2:14; 1Ti. 1:7-10; Heb. 8:7-13; Heb. 9:15; Heb. 9:20; Heb. 10:9

Note The covenant was ratified by blood in Ex. 24:1-11.


[5002.3.1] covenant - Mosaic - broken : Deu. 29:25; Isa. 24:5; Isa. 33:8; Jer. 11:10; Jer. 22:9; Jer. 31:32; Eze. 16:59; Eze. 44:7; Hos. 6:7; Hos. 8:1
[5002.3.2] covenant - Mosaic - conditional : Ex. 15:26; Ex. 19:5; Deu. 7:13
[5002.3.3] covenant - Mosaic - to Israel : Deu. 4:8; Ps. 147:20; Jer. 31:32; Mal. 4:4; Rom. 9:4
[5002.4.0] covenant - Palestinian : Gen. 15:7; Gen. 15:18; Gen. 26:4; Gen. 35:12; Ex. 3:8; Ex. 3:17; Ex. 6:4; Ex. 12:25; Ex. 13:5; Ex. 13:11; Ex. 32:13; Ex. 33:1; Eze. 37:14; Deu. 1:8; Deu. 29:1; Deu. 29:9; Deu. 29:12; Deu. 29:1 (- 30:20); Deu. 32:52; Jos. 21:43; Jos. 23:5; 1Chr. 16:18; 1Chr. 17:9; Ps. 105:11; Isa. 60:21; Jer. 11:5; Jer. 16:15; Amos 9:15; Acts 7:5
[5002.4.1] covenant - Palestinian - borders : Gen. 13:15; Gen. 15:18; Ex. 23:31; Num. 34:2; Deu. 1:7; Deu. 11:24; Deu. 34:1-4; Jos. 1:4; Jos. 13:1; Jos. 13:7-8; 2S. 8:3; 1Chr. 5:9; 1Chr. 18:3; 2Chr. 9:26; Ps. 105:11; Eze. 47:13-28

Note "A biblical and Talmudic scholar, [Rabbi Israel] Ariel is a researcher whose published writings include an Atlas of the Land of Israel: Its Boundaries According to the Sources, the first of a projected four-volume work which argues that the original boundaries of the land promised to Abraham extend west to east from a point near the Suez Canal to the Persian Gulf, and north to south from northern Syria along the Euphrates River to a boundary line running from Eliat on the Red Sea to the border with Persia. Within these boundaries today fall the countries of Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and portions of Iraq and Saudi Arabia. According to Ariel, when the Temple is rebuilt and all those outside the land of Israel return, these lands will provide the necessary room for the increased population." Ref-144, pp. 105-106. Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Mannaseh received land east of the Jordon (Num. 32:33; Deu. 3:12-17; Jos. 13:7-8; 22:4) east of the borders given in Numbers 34:2.


[5002.4.2] covenant - Palestinian - inheritance : Gen. 15:7-8; Ex. 32:13; Num. 34:2; Jos. 11:23; Jos. 23:4; 1Chr. 16:18; Ps. 105:11; Isa. 49:8; Isa. 60:21; Jer. 12:14
[5002.4.3] covenant - Palestinian - unfulfilled : Gen. 13:15; Gen. 17:8; Ex. 32:13; Jos. 11:23; Jos. 13:1-7; Jos. 21:43; 1K. 4:21; 1K. 4:24; 1Chr. 16:17; 1Chr. 17:9; Ps. 80:11; Ps. 105:10; Isa. 60:21; Jer. 3:16-18; Jer. 7:7; Amos 9:15

Note "If... promises regarding the land were fulfilled in Joshua's time or in Solomon's, why do the Scriptures which were written later still appeal to the hope of future possession of the land? Practially every one of the Major and Minor prophets mention in some form the hope of future possession of the land. All of them were written after Solomon's day... The original promises of the land involved (1) possession of the land, (2) permanent possession, (3) and occupying the land. Even in Solomon's day at the height of his kingdom the land was not all possessed. At best it was placed under tribute as... [1K. 4:21] indicates. Certainly all must agree that possession was not permanent. Further at no time was all the land actually occupied by Israel." Ref-81, 178-179. Some have interpreted "permanent occupation" of the land to be fulfilled by the bones of the Patriarch's which are buried there--which hardly does justice to the character of God. Also--if the promiser were fulfilled during Solomon's reign as some suppose, then why do post-Solomonic prophets expound it to be yet future?


[5002.4.4] covenant - Palestinian - occupation conditional : Deu. 28:63; 1K. 9:7; 2Chr. 33:8; Jer. 7:4-7; Jer. 45:4
[5002.4.5] covenant - Palestinian - land owned by God : Lev. 25:23; Ps. 83:12; Ps. 89:11
[5002.5.0] covenant - new : Deu. 30:6; Isa. 42:6; Isa. 49:8; Isa. 55:3; Isa. 59:20-21; Isa. 61:8-9; Jer. 31:31-40; Jer. 32:40; Jer. 50:5; Eze. 16:60-62; Eze. 34:25-31; Eze. 36:24-27; Eze. 37:14; Eze. 37:26; Mat. 26:28; Mark 14:24; Luke 22:14-20; John 3:5; John 3:10; John 7:37-39 (?); Rom. 11:26; 1Cor. 11:25; 2Cor. 3:6; Heb. 7:22; Heb. 8:6-13; Heb. 9:15; Heb. 10:9; Heb. 10:16; Heb. 10:29; Heb. 12:24; Heb. 13:20

Note "The covenant referred to here [Rom. 11:26-27] must of necessity be the new covenant, for that is the only covenant expressly dealing with the removal of sins. And it is said to be actual after the coming of the Deliverer." Ref-50, pp. 120-121 It appears Deu. 30:6 hints at the new covenant in the circumcision of the heart initiated by God and the resulting obedient walk. Questionable: John 7:37-39 (?);


[5002.5.1] covenant - new - unconditional : Isa. 24:5; Isa. 61:8; Jer. 32:40; Jer. 50:5; Heb. 13:20
[5002.5.2] covenant - new - distinct from mosaic law : Jer. 31:32; Heb. 7:22; Heb. 10:9
[5002.5.3] covenant - new - everlasting : Isa. 61:9; Jer. 31:35-37; Jer. 32:40; Eze. 16:60; Eze. 37:26
[5004.1] David - Son as Lord : Ps. 110:1; Mat. 22:44-45; Mark 12:36-37; Luke 20:42-44; Acts 2:34-35; Rev. 22:16

Note "When used in a religious context, even in the case of deified Roman emperors, 'Lord' (kyrios) means that the bearer was worthy of divine recognition and honor. The apostolic writers and early believers were well aware of this meaning. Polycarp, for example, died as a martyr rather than call Caesar kyrios." Ref-123, p. 107.


[5005.1] tribulation - duration of great : Dan. 7:25; Dan. 9:27; Dan. 12:7; Dan. 12:11-12; Jas. 5:17 (?); Rev. 11:2-3; Rev. 12:6; Rev. 12:14; Rev. 13:5

Note "...with modern astronomy one can reckon a year very precisely as being '365.24219879 days, or 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45.975 seconds.' However, in ancient times various systems were used. When one investigates the calendars of ancient India, Persia, Babylonia and Assyria, Egypt, Central and South America, and China it is interesting to notice that they uniformly had twelve thirty-day months (a few had eighteen twenty-day months) making a total of 360 days for the year and they had various methods of intercalating days so that the year would come out correctly. Although it may be strange to present-day thinking, it was common in those days to think of a 360-day year." Ref-44, pp. 135-136 "The time measurements encountered in Genesis chapters 7 and 8 are the result of a lunar calendar. Gen. 7:11 states the flood began on the seventeenth day of the second month, and it ended on the seventeenth day of the seventh month (Gen. 8:4), exactly five months. Both Genesis 7:24 and 8:3 declare the waters were upon the earth 150 days. Assuming each month is the same length, they would have 30 days apiece. Skeptics say that is a big assumption because the story does not cover an entire year, and thus doesn't take into account any days the ancients may have added on to their year." Ray, Charles H., A Study of Daniel 9:24 - 27, Part II, Ref-55, December 2001, p. 321. Questionable: Jas. 5:17 (?);


[5006.1] Joseph - dream of sun, moon, and stars : Gen. 37:9; Ps. 89:35-37; Jer. 31:35-36; Rev. 12:1

Note "By far the majority interpretation is that the woman is 'the church' which is entirely unsatisfactory and ignores all sorts of basic interpretive cues: (1) Christ birthed the church (Mat. 16:18), not the other way around. (2) The sun/moon/stars have a direct correlary in Joseph's dream (Gen. 37:9). Sun = Josephs Father (Jacob), moon = Jacob's mother, 11 stars = brothers (12 stars meaning all twelve tribes). Hence a strong reference to Israel. (3) The reference to 'clothed with the sun' and 'the moon under her feet' refer to many passages which declare that the promises made to Israel (especially for a Davidic ruler and the continuation of the nation) can be thwarted only if the sun and moon can be made to cease from before God (Ps. 89:35-37; Jer. 31:36). Hence the reference is to the permanence of Israel and its promises in the mind of God as evidenced by His oaths involving the sun and moon. (4) The woman travails to give birth to the man-child (singular, male) who is caught-up. This would seem a clear allusion to the promise of the seed of the woman (Gen. 3:15) and the man-child is obviously Christ and not (the rapture of) the church." "Rachel died...giving birth to Benjamin...Leah, no doubt, raised Joseph and Benjamin...Clearly, [in Gen. 37:10] Jacob was referring to Leah." [Note that Jacob interprets the moon as representing Leah. The dream was not fulfilled until much later in Egypt while Leah was presumably still alive (Gen. 44:14). Her death is not mentioned until Gen. 49:31] Ref-57, September/October 2001, p. 34.


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