CrossLinks Topical Index - 9T


9th : 9th - of Av
9th - of Av : Num. 14:35; 2K. 25:6; Jer. 52:9

✪ Tisha B'av (9th of Av) Ref-0025, p. 196. "The Jewish-Roman historian Josephus, for example, saw a divine punishment for Israel behind the judgment on both the first and second temples, since both occurred on the same day (the nine of the Jewish month of Av)." Ref-0031, p. 58. "Therefore, on the ninth day of the Jewish month of Av in A.D. 70, the city and the Temple were burned as Daniel had prophesied." Ref-0144, p. 70. "Five events of national tragedy have been associated with this date. The first of these national tragedies, and the supposed cause of all that followed, was the failure of the Israelites to enter the Promised Land under Moses [Num. 14:23]. . . oral tradition recounts that this lamentation took place on the Ninth of Av. . . The next four events occurring on the Ninth of Av all relate to the Temple. The second and third disasters involve Solomon’s first Temple and Herod’s second Temple, where were both destroyed on the same day 656 years apart. The last two disasters occurred 65 years later on the same day (A.D. 135). The first of these was the defeat of the army of Bar Kokhba at Betar. The second followed as a consequence of the first. It was the plowing of the site of the Temple Mount by the Roman governor of Judea, Tineius Rufus. . ." Ref-0144, pp. 212-213. "According to the Jewish Mishnah it was discovered by the rabbis that five things happened to the Jewish forefathers on the ninth of Av (the Jewish month when these events occurred): 1) the Jews were sentenced not to enter Eretz-Yisrael; 2) the First Temple was destroyed; 3) the Second Temple was destroyed; 4) Bethar (the city in the Judean hills where Bar Kokhba made his final stand against the Romans) was captured; and 5) the Temple Mount was plowed over by the Romans (Mishnah, Ta'anit 4:6)." Ref-0146, p. 84. "the Ninth of Av, the Roman governor of Judea, Tinneius Rufus, plowed up the Sanctuary of the Temple Mount and its environs in the name of the emperor (see Eruchin 27a; Ta'anit 29a; Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 4:6,1)." Ref-0146, p. 89. "On the ninth of Av in 586 B.C., Solomon’s Temple was destroyed by Babylon, and the Jewish people were carried into captivity. More than 650 years later, in A.D. 70, the Temple built by Zerubbabel, modified by Herod, and visited by Jesus was sacked and destroyed by the Romans under the command of Titus. Sixty-five years later on the same date in A.D. 135 the Romans killed the pseudomessiah Bar Kochba and crushed his Jewish revolt at Betar. In 1492 King Ferdinand of Spain issued the expulsion decree that set Tisha B'Av as the final date for all Jews to leave Spain, thereby destroying one of the largest Jewish communities in the world. The date also saw the beginning of the infamous Spanish Inquisition, instituted to force the Jewish people to embrace Catholicism or face horrific torture. . . . Although the Bible does not give the date, Jewish students of Scripture also believe the sin of the spies at Kadesh-barnea, which caused the Lord to make the nation wander in the desert for forty years, occurred on Tisha B'Av." Thomas Simcox, "Tisha B'Av - Israel’s Day of Tragedies", Ref-0057, September/October 2004, p. 15. "As a child in Hebrew School, I thought All that is ancient history. Never did I dream a Tisha B'Av catastrophe would strike in my lifetime. This year [2005] the ninth of Av fell on August 14. The next day began the heart-wrenching expulsion of more than 8,000 Israelis from their homes in the Gaza strip. I watched on television as Jewish mothers wailed; Israeli soldiers carring out the “disengagement” wept; and religious men wrapped themselves in their prayer shawls, begging God to perform a miracle and stop the evacuation. But He did not." Lorna Simcox, What I'd Tell My Dad, Ref-0057 November/December 2005, p. 27. "Of these [eras] one was that which took as its epoch the destruction of the Second Temple. In this era, dates are given as in a certain year of “the destruction of the temple” (לחרבן הבית) or “from the destruction” (אחר החורבן) . . . As to the month and day, the Jewish sources claim a striking identity between the destruction of the Second Temple and of the First Temple. 2 Kings 25:8 states that the First Temple was burned by Nebuzaradan on the seventh day of the fifth month, while Jer. 52:12 gives the tenth day of the fifth month. The rabbis reconciled these data by explaining that the Babylonians entered the temple on the seventh day of Ab (which is the fifth month), ate and did damage to it on that day and the eighth, and on the ninth day toward dusk set fire to it; it then continued to burn through the whole of that day which is presumably extended through the tenth. As to the recurrence of disaster at the identical time, they said, “The same thing too happened in the Second Temple.” For a single day, the ninth of Ab was taken as the exact date: “On the ninth of Ab . . . the Temple was destroyed the first and the second time.” . . . The date of the burning [of the Second Temple] is stated explicitly by Josephus: “the tenth of the month Loos the day on which of old it had been burnt by the king of Babylon” (6.250). In the later correlation of the Macedonian calendar as it was used in Palestine . . . Loos was parallel to Ab, the fifth month. Therefore Josephus’s date of Loos = Ab 10 is identical with Jeremiah’s (52:12) date of the tenth day of the fifth month for the first destruction, and just one day later than the ninth day of Ab taken as the official date by the rabbis." Ref-0840, p. 106. "Along with Josephus’s eyewitness account of the destruction of the temple by the Romans, there is also an account by Rabbi Yose ben Halafta in Seder ’Olam Rabbah (30.86-97) . . . the passage reads: Rabbi Yose used to say: Propitiousness is assigned to a propitious day and calamity to a calamitous day. As it is found said: When the temple was destroyed, the first time, that day was immediately after the Sabbath, it was immediately after the Sabbatical year, it was (during the service of) the priestly division of Jehoiarib, and it was the ninth day of Ab, and so the second time (the temple was destroyed). . . . it is also of interest to note how the Mishna associates yet other untoward events with the same date of the ninth day of Ab: On the ninth day of Ab it was decreed against our fathers that they should not enter into the land [of Israel]1, and the temple was destroyed the first and second time [by Nebuchadnezzar and by Titus], and Beth-Tor [or Bethar, modern Bettir southwest of Jerusalem, the scene of Bar Kokhba’s final defeat in A.D. 135] was captured, and the City [Jerusalem] was ploughed up [by Hadrian].[^ 2] [1] For this date see Seder ’Olam Rabbah 8.45-47, Milikowsky, Seder ’Olam, 473. [2] Taanich 4:6; Danby 200." Ref-0840, p. 107. "The following synchronism is hereby established: A.M. 3828 = A.S. 381 = A.D. 69/70 = year 1 of the era of Destruction." Ref-0840, p. 110. "The Babylonian official Nebuzaradan was sent to Jerusalem to oversee its pillaging. 2 Kgs 25:8 dates his arrival to 7 Ab (Friday, August 25). Commentators often ascribe the difference between this and the date of 10 Ab given in Jer 52:12 to a scribal error in one of these sources. . . . Perhaps the best known attempt at reconciliation is that of the Babylonian Talmud, where it is said that the heathens entered the Temple on the seventh of Ab, then continued to desecrate it on the eighth of Ab. Towards dust, of the ninth they set it on fire, and then the major part of the conflagration occurred on the tenth. Rodger C. Young offers another interpretation, based on the observation that it is unreasonable to expect that Nebuzaradan would have mustered his forces to carry out the extensive depredations in the city as described in Jer 52:13-23 and 2 Kgs 25:9-17 on the same day that he finished his long trip from Nebuchadnezzar’s camp in the land of Hamath (2 Kgs 25:6; Jer 52:9). There was surely a period of rest and planning with the commanders already in the field before the Babylonians began their looting of the city." Ref-1307, pp. 165-166


9th Ab : feasts - scriptures read
9th Ab - Lamentations read : feasts - scriptures read

9T