CrossLinks Topical Index - AD


AD : year - abbreviations
AD - abbreviation : year - abbreviations
Adad-nirari III : chronology - B.C. 0810 - 0783 - Adad-nirari III - king of Assyria
Adad-nirari III - king of Assyria - reign : chronology - B.C. 0810 - 0783 - Adad-nirari III - king of Assyria
Adam : Adam - brought death ; Adam - literal - church fathers ; Adam - literal - resources ; Adam - mankind all from ; Adam - Methuselah - Shem - Abraham ; Adam - named animals ; Adam - responsible for fall; Adam - sin of; Adam - type of Christ ; son of God - directly
Adam - brought death : Gen. 3:19; Rom. 5:12-15; Rom. 5:17; 1Cor. 15:21; Jas. 1:15

"As soon as one even allows for [an age of the earth of] millions of years, one has also accepted death, disease (like cancer -- there is evidence of cancer in dinosaur bones supposedly millions of years old), bloodshed, violence, and thorns (there are thorns in the fossil record supposedly 300 million years old -- yet the Bible makes it clear thorns came after the Curse (Genesis 3:18)) before man sinned -- and thus God called this ‘very good.’ This undermines the Gospel -- the message that death is the result of sin, which is why Christ died on the Cross." Ken Ham, Answers in Genesis, https://www.answersingenesis.org/news/0701rbc.asp "It is important to note that the Rabbis did not have a doctrine of original sin or of the essential sinfulness of each man in the Christian sense. It is a matter of observation that all men sin. Men have, apparently, the inborn drive towards rebellion and disobedience. But this is not the same as being born in a state of sinfulness from which liberation is necessary. . . . it is no caricature of Judaism to say, with Sanders, that it lacked a doctrine of the “essential sinfulness” of humankind; no Jew would regard that claim as an insult. For Paul, on the other hand, it is precisely the “essential sinfulness” of humankind that requires a salvation based on grace alone, apart from human “works.” " Ref-1384, pp. 34-35. "Augustine is generally thought to be the first theologian to clearly lay out the doctrine of Original Sin. However, Augustine’s own writings vehemently deny that the doctrine originated with him. “It is not I who made up original sin! The catholic faith has believed it from its beginnings. But you who deny it are undoubtedly a new heretic.” In fact, many believed it before Augustine: Irenaeus, Gregory, Basil, and Cyprian all referenced it in their writings (p. 88)." Lita Cosner, The vital importance of the historical Adam, 20151124151336.pdf, 19-22, p. 20. "As E. L. Mascall has written, ‘It was until recent years almost universally held that all the evils, both moral and physical, which affect this earth are in some way or other derived from the first act by which a bodily creature endowed with reason deliberately set itself against what it knew to be the will of God.’ That has down the centuries been the consensus interpretation of what [the Biblical] narrative implies, by Jews and Christians alike." Ref-1417, p. 51. "It is also doubtless true that the ‘death’ with which [Adam] was threatened, and finally cursed, should be understood to mean more than simply ‘physical’ death. But it is impossible that it should mean anything less than physical death, on simple exegetical grounds; for example, God’s concern lest Adam ]“take also of the tree of life and live forever (Gen. 3:22)." Ref-1417, p. 52. "Of the somewhat woolly suggestion one sometimes hears that Paul is not here [Rom. 5:12ff.] speaking of ‘physical’ death, Sanday and Headlam in the old International Critical Commentary are dismissive: ‘it is far better to take it [ho thanatos -- “death”] of “physical death”: because (1) this is clearly the sense in v. 14; (2) it is the sense of Genesis 2:17, 3:17 to which Paul is evidently alluding.’" Ref-1417, pp. 55-56. "Although earlier Church Fathers had raised the idea of original sin, Augustine was the first to give it such prominence." Ref-1522, p. 136.


Adam - last : Adam - type of Christ
Adam - literal - church fathers : Gen. 2:7

". . . the literature clearly shows that the leading Church Fathers saw Adam and Eve as individuals created first, and in a special way by God, that was different to the normal process of generation. Adam is seen as the protoplast of humanity, a term that is used by both Latin and Greek speaking Fathers. This follows from the teaching of the New Testament." Andrew Sibley "Adam as the protoplast--views from the early church in response to the archetypal view", Ref-0784, 28(3) 2014, 86-91, p. 91.


Adam - literal - resources : Gen. 2:7

"Increasingly, scholars and pastors who otherwise fit neatly within the evangelical spectrum are reinterpreting creation, Adam, and the Fall to fit in with long-age or evolutionary views. However, in Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin, 14 contributors from a wide range of specializations in biblical studies, and one anthropologist, come together to present a powerful argument in favour of the historical Adam and Original Sin." Lita Cosner, The vital importance of the historical Adam, 20151124151336.pdf, 19-22, p. 19.


Adam - mankind all from : Gen. 3:20; Acts 17:26

"in tracing all races of man back to an original pair, the Bible itself shows that great changes and diversification can occur within species over time. What creationists deny is not the occurrence of mutations and natural selection, nor their ability to generate change, but the absolute power of such mindless, haphazard processes to manufacture the teeming life of planet earth starting from some primeval soup or elementary spark of life." Ref-1341, loc. 1072-1073.


Adam - Methuselah - Shem - Abraham : Gen. 5

". . . Adam was for 243 years the contemporary of Methuselah, that Methuselah’s life overlapped that of Shem for 98 years, and that Shem was, for 150 years, the contemporary of Abraham. Thus there were but two persons between Adam and Abraham." Ref-1298, p. 23.


Adam - named animals : Gen. 2:19-20

"It says that Adam named only cattle, birds and ‘beasts of the field’ (Gen. 2:19-20). Unlike Linnaeus, Adam did not name any plants, any sea creatures (which make up the majority of living forms), any creeping things or any ‘beasts of the earth’ (cf. Genesis 1:25 and 2:19-20). The assumption that Adam was naming only animals that would be domesticated is far more reasonable and biblically based than Dr. Archer’s assumptions [that Adam’s task was akin to Linnaeus taking 30 years to give double Latin names to all the fauna and flora known to 18th-century scholarship]." Ken Ham, Terry Mortenson and Carl Wieland, "Are (Biblical) Creationists ‘Cornered’? -- A Response to Dr. J. P. Moreland", Ref-0003, 17(3) 2003, p. 43.


Adam - responsible for fall : Gen. 3:12; Rom. 5:12; 1Ti. 2:14
Adam - sin of : Gen. 3:6; Isa. 43:27; Rom. 5:14; 1Cor. 15:22; 1Ti. 2:14
Adam - son of God : son of God - directly
Adam - type of Christ : Gen. 1:27-31; Gen. 2:7-8; Gen. 2:15; Gen. 3:6; Mat. 3:17; Mat. 4:1; Luke 3:38; Luke 4:1; Rom. 5:14; 1Cor. 12:13; 1Cor. 15:22; 1Cor. 15:45

1. Adam created in God’s image, Christ is the manifestation of God in the flesh. 2. Adam’s disobedience brought condemnation leading to death, Christ’s obedience brought justification leading to life. 3. Those who are ‘in Adam’ die, those who are ‘in Christ’ have eternal life. 1Cor. 15:22 4. Adam is the ‘son of God’ (Luke 3:38) as is Christ. (Both were directly created by God.) 5. All men are ‘born once’ in Adam. Believers are ‘born again’ in Christ. 6. First Adam became a living being (Gen. 2:7), the last Adam became a life-giving Spirit (1Cor. 15:45). 7. Adam is from the earth -- made of dust (Gen. 2:7), Christ is from heaven. 8. Adam lost dominion, Christ regained it. 9. A tree bore Adam’s downfall, a tree bore Christ’s victory. 10. Adam’s body was animated by the breath of God (Gen. 2:7), the body of Christ is animated by the breath of God (1Cor. 12:13). "It will be suggested that the Garden was created as a place of testing or tempting for Adam, as in contrast, Jesus later would be tested in the wilderness." G. Robert Graf, Eden, the Place of Testing, Ref-0785, Volume 14 Number 43, December 2010, 55-64, p. 56. "When Adam was created in God’s image (Gen. 1:28), he was the champion, the putative subjugator, and God included him in the assessment, “It is very good” (Gen. 1:31). When Jesus began His ministry, the Voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well-pleased” (Mat. 3:17). Temptations follow both assessments. . . . Adam was put into the Garden by God (Gen. 2:8,15). Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness (Mat. 4:1). . . . Adam’s first temptation involved eating, as did the first temptation of Jesus." G. Robert Graf, Eden, the Place of Testing, Ref-0785, Volume 14 Number 43, December 2010, 55-64, p. 62. "In Christian writing, there is a tendency to refer to Jesus as the 'second Adam'. This is an error (strictly speaking, Noah seems to be presented as the second Adam, and then there were a variety of people with Adam-like vocations who all failed). Jesus is the last Adam (1 Corinthians 15:45)--the one who succeeded where all the other Adams failed." -- Lita Costner, "Strong defence of the biblical Adam," Ref-0784, volume 30(1) 2016, pp. 16-18, p. 20. See 20160308113036.pdf


Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, Adam Clarke : Ref-1330
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, Adam Clarke - Clarke, Adam, Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible : Ref-1330
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, Adam Clarke - Clarke, Adam, Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - SS-0083 : Ref-1330
adaptation : evolution - adaptation ; kind - created
adaptation - evolution : evolution - adaptation
adaptation - limits : kind - created
Adar : Adar - 13th of; Adar - 14th of
Adar - 13th of : Est. 8:12; Est. 9:1
Adar - 14th of : Est. 9:17
Adders' Eggs and Spiders' Webs, or Human Theories Vs Divine Revelation, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1102
Adders' Eggs and Spiders' Webs, or Human Theories Vs Divine Revelation, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Adders' Eggs and Spiders' Webs, or Human Theories Vs Divine Revelation : Ref-1102
Adders' Eggs and Spiders' Webs, or Human Theories Vs Divine Revelation, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Adders' Eggs and Spiders' Webs, or Human Theories Vs Divine Revelation - Logos-0568 : Ref-1102
adding : scripture - adding to
adding - scripture : scripture - adding to
additions : redaction - passages considered
additions - late - passages considered : redaction - passages considered
Addresses on the Book of Joshua, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1103
Addresses on the Book of Joshua, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Book of Joshua : Ref-1103
Addresses on the Book of Joshua, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Book of Joshua - Logos-0569 : Ref-1103
Addresses on the Epistles of John, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1104
Addresses on the Epistles of John, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Epistles of John : Ref-1104
Addresses on the Epistles of John, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Epistles of John - Logos-0570 : Ref-1104
Addresses on the First and Second Epistles of Thessalonians, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1105
Addresses on the First and Second Epistles of Thessalonians, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the First and Second Epistles of Thessalonians : Ref-1105
Addresses on the First and Second Epistles of Thessalonians, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the First and Second Epistles of Thessalonians - Logos-0571 : Ref-1105
Addresses on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1106
Addresses on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the First Epistle to the Corinthians : Ref-1106
Addresses on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the First Epistle to the Corinthians - Logos-0572 : Ref-1106
Addresses on the Gospel of John, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1107
Addresses on the Gospel of John, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Gospel of John : Ref-1107
Addresses on the Gospel of John, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Gospel of John - Logos-0573 : Ref-1107
Addresses on the Gospel of Luke, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1108
Addresses on the Gospel of Luke, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Gospel of Luke : Ref-1108
Addresses on the Gospel of Luke, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Gospel of Luke - Logos-0574 : Ref-1108
Addresses on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1109
Addresses on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians : Ref-1109
Addresses on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians - Logos-0575 : Ref-1109
Addresses on the Song of Solomon, Ironside, H. A. : Ref-1110
Addresses on the Song of Solomon, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Song of Solomon : Ref-1110
Addresses on the Song of Solomon, Ironside, H. A. - Ironside, H. A., Addresses on the Song of Solomon - Logos-0576 : Ref-1110
adjective : Hebrew grammar - demonstrative - adjective
adjective - demonstrative - Hebrew grammar : Hebrew grammar - demonstrative - adjective
Admah : Gen. 14:3; Deu. 29:23
Adonai : Jehovah - corruption of Adonai and YHWH ; Jehovah - vs. Yahweh vs. Adonai
Adonai - vs. Jehovah vs. Adonai : Jehovah - vs. Yahweh vs. Adonai
Adonai - vs. Johavah : Jehovah - corruption of Adonai and YHWH
Adonay : Adonay - meaning
Adonay - meaning : Gen. 15:2

"The meaning of the י ending of ינַדֹא is debated. Some contend it is an honorific plural of majesty meaning ‘my Lord.’ Others contend it denotes emphasis by reinforcing the root and the term means ‘Lord par excellence, Lord of all.’ Although it may mean ‘my Lord’ in some passages where God is being addressed (e.g., Gen. 15:2), it more probably means ‘O Lord of all’ everywhere." Ref-0157, p. 124.


adopted : Joseph - sons adopted
adopted - Joseph's sons : Joseph - sons adopted
adoption : adoption - of believers ; adoption - of Israel
adoption - of believers : Hos. 1:10; John 1:12; John 11:52; Rom. 8:14-17; Rom. 8:23 (?); Rom. 9:24-26; 2Cor. 6:18; Gal. 4:5-6; Eph. 1:5; Heb. 12:5-9; 1Pe. 2:10; 1Jn. 3:1; Rev. 21:7

✪ Questionable: Rom. 8:23 (?);


adoption - of Israel : Ex. 4:22; Rom. 9:4
adultery : adultery - beware; adultery - both die; adultery - denied; adultery - practiced; adultery - prohibited; adultery - spiritual; adultery - stoning; adultery - testing; evolution - adultery ; unmarried - sin ; X0107 - adultery; X0111 - pornography
adultery - beware : Pr. 2:17; Pr. 5:3-23; Pr. 6:24-35; Pr. 7:6; Pr. 7:21; Pr. 7:25-27
adultery - both die : Lev. 20:10; Deu. 22:22; John 8:4
adultery - denied : Pr. 30:20
adultery - evolution : evolution - adultery
adultery - in mind and heart : X0111 - pornography
adultery - practiced : Jer. 5:7
adultery - prohibited : Gen. 20:3; Gen. 26:10; Ex. 20:14; Deu. 5:18
adultery - spiritual : Ex. 34:15; Deu. 31:16; Jdg. 2:17; 1Chr. 5:25; 2Chr. 21:13; Ps. 106:39; Isa. 57:3-8; Jer. 2:20-35; Jer. 3:1-13; Jer. 11:15; Jer. 13:27; Eze. 6:9; Eze. 16:15-41; Eze. 23:5; Eze. 23:19; Eze. 23:30; Eze. 23:44; Hos. 2:5; Hos. 3:3; Hos. 4:12; Hos. 4:14; Hos. 9:1; Mic. 1:7; Nah. 3:4; Mat. 12:39; Rev. 17:1; Rev. 17:15; Rev. 19:2
adultery - stoning : Eze. 23:47
adultery - testing : Num. 5:12-31
adultery - without marriage : unmarried - sin
adultery - X0107 : X0107 - adultery
adversity : adversity - fainting in
adversity - fainting in : Pr. 24:10
advice : wife - bad advice from
advice - wife gives bad : wife - bad advice from

AD